Abstract

After some introductory remarks relating to national constitutional standards in the context of the EU fundamental rights system and an emphasis on the proportionality test as a general mandatory requirement for limitations of EU fundamental rights, this contribution seeks to provide an overview of the current state of freedom of expression under EU law in the light of the CJEU’s case-law.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introductory remarks on the EU fundamental rights system
2. Proportionality as a general barrier for limitations of EU fundamental rights
3. The current state of freedom of expression under EU law
3.1. General principles
3.1.1. Protective dimensions of freedom of expression 
3.1.2. Equivalence between Article 11 of the Charter and
Article 10 of the ECH
3.2. The scope of Article 11 of the Charter
3.2.1. Scope ratione materiae
3.2.1.1. Freedom of expression and information [Article 11(1) of the Charter
3.2.1.2. Freedom and pluralism of the media [Article 11(2) of the Charter]
3.2.2. Scope ratione personae
3.3. Limitations to freedom of expression
3.3.1. General principles
3.3.2. Specific case-law