The «dual preliminarity» doctrine in the case law of ordinary courts of first instance and appeals

MICHELE MASSA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Premises and questions 

2. Answers: summary and examples 

3. Comments

3.1. The new doctrine in action 

3.2. Ordinary courts trust the ItCC 

3.3. Cursory uses of the Charter must be avoided 

3.4. A certain degree of ambiguity lingers 

3.5 One aspect requires further clarification 

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